Petroleum Standards

ASTM Petroleum Standards

ASTM International’s enduring partnership with the global petroleum industry has been a beacon of progress and innovation in the realm of energy production and distribution.

These petroleum standards define not only the quality, performance, and safety of products and processes but also underpin the trust upon which the entire industry relies.

Engineers, chemists, and petroleum specialists across the globe lean on ASTM petroleum standards to guarantee the integrity and safety of their projects, ensuring that every facet of the petroleum sector adheres to the highest levels of quality and reliability.

These standards are the bedrock upon which the industry builds its future, ensuring that petroleum products meet stringent specifications and regulatory requirements.

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ASTM Petroleum Standards Collection

In today’s fast-paced world, access to accurate and up-to-date standards is crucial for the petroleum industry. That’s where ASTM International’s Petroleum Standards collection comes into play, offering a comprehensive set of guidelines and specifications to ensure the safety, quality, and efficiency of petroleum products and processes.

Access the entire ASTM Petroleum Standards collection online or download it as PDFs.

This means that whether you’re in the field, at the office, or on the go, you can quickly and easily reference the standards you need to ensure compliance and best practices.

In addition to ASTM petroleum standards, we can also provide access to related standards from leading organizations such as API, UOP, and CGA.

Access Global Petroleum Standards

ASTM’s petroleum standards are the cornerstone of the industry, providing the essential guidelines and specifications that ensure the quality and safety of petroleum products and processes worldwide.

These standards are the linchpin for the lasting integrity of the global petroleum infrastructure.

With the convenience of online access via ASTM Compass, you can now access these critical petroleum standards anytime and anywhere with an internet connection. Whether you’re in the field, at the office, or on the go, the ability to download and print PDF standards allows you to continue your work seamlessly, even when offline.

This level of accessibility ensures that you’re always equipped with the latest standards, making certain that your petroleum-related projects meet the highest industry benchmarks.

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Benefits of Using ASTM Standards

ASTM’s petroleum standards are instrumental in the evaluation and assessment of the physical, mechanical, rheological, thermal, and chemical properties of crude oils, lubricating grease, automobile and aviation gasoline, hydrocarbons, and other naturally occurring energy resources used for various industrial applications.

These fuels are tested for their composition, purity, density, miscibility and compatibility with other fluids and materials, toxicity, and thermal stability among others.

These petroleum standards allow petroleum refineries, automotive and aviation companies, and other geological and chemical processing plants to appropriately examine and process these fuel oils ensure their quality towards safe and efficient use.

ASTM Petroleum Standards

ASTM Sampling of Petroleum Products

  • ASTM D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
  • ASTM D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
  • ASTM D5287 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Gaseous Fuels
  • ASTM D7482 Practice for Sampling, Storage, and Handling of Hydrocarbons for Mercury Analysis
  • ASTM D8009 Practice for Manual Piston Cylinder Sampling for Volatile Crude Oils, Condensates, and Liquid Petroleum Products

ASTM Crude Oil

  • ASTM D664 Acid Number – Total
  • ASTM D6560 Asphaltenes
  • ASTM D4929, D8150 Chloride
  • ASTM D1298, D5002, D287 Density, Relative Density or API Gravity
  • ASTM D7169 High Temperature Simulated Distillation
  • ASTM D5708, D5863 Metals, (Vanadium, Nickel, Iron)
  • ASTM D4530 Micro Carbon Residue
  • ASTM D4629, D5762 Nitrogen, Total
  • ASTM D97, D5853 Pour Point
  • ASTM D323, D5191, D6377 Reid Vapor Pressure
  • ASTM D3230, D6470 Salt
  • ASTM D473, D4807 Sediment
  • ASTM D2622, D4294 Sulfur
  • ASTM D7042 Viscosity
  • ASTM D445 Viscosity, Kinematic
  • ASTM D4006, D4928, D4377, D4007 Water
  • ASTM D7622 Total Mercury in Crude Oil Using Combustion and Direct Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Method with Zeeman Background Correction
  • ASTM D7623 Total Mercury in Crude Oil Using Combustion-Gold Amalgamation and Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Method

ASTM Base Oil

  • ASTM D664 Acid Number
  • ASTM D611 Aniline Point
  • ASTM D482 Ash Content
  • ASTM D189, D524 Carbon Residue
  • ASTM D2007, D7419 Clay-Gel Absorption
  • ASTM D1500, D6045 Color
  • ASTM D130 Copper Strip
  • ASTM D1298, D4052 Density
  • ASTM D2887 Distillation
  • ASTM D5800, D6375 Evaporation Loss
  • ASTM D92, D93 Flash Point
  • ASTM D5762 Nitrogen by Boat Inlet
  • ASTM D97, D5950, D5949, D6749 Pour Point
  • ASTM D2622, D4294, D5453 Sulfur
  • ASTM D5293 Viscosity/Cold Crank Simulator
  • ASTM D445, D2270, D7042 Viscosity, Kinematic
  • ASTM D6417 Volatility
  • ASTM D6304, D1401 Water

ASTM General Oils

  • ASTM D664 Acid Number
  • ASTM D611 Aniline Point
  • ASTM D482 Ash
  • ASTM D1159 Bromine Number
  • ASTM D4530, D189 CCR – Carbon Residue
  • ASTM D1500, D6045 Color
  • ASTM D4052, D287, D1298 Density/API
  • ASTM D1160, D2887, D7169 Distillation
  • ASTM D93 Flash Point
  • ASTM D5863, D5708 Metals, V, Ni, Fe, Na
  • ASTM D97, D5950, D5853 Pour Point
  • ASTM D2622, D4294 Sulfur
  • ASTM D5762, D4629 Total Nitrogen
  • ASTM D445 Viscosity, Kinematic @ 100oC

ASTM Petroleum wax

  • ASTM D156, D6045, D1500, Color
  • ASTM D1298, D4052 Density
  • ASTM D92 Flash Point
  • ASTM D445 Viscosity, Kinematic @ 100°C

ASTM Turbine oil

  • ASTM D974 Acidity
  • ASTM D3427 Air Release
  • ASTM D130 Copper Corrosion
  • ASTM D92, D93 Flash Point
  • ASTM D892 Foam
  • ASTM D4172 4-Ball Wear
  • ASTM D2272 Oxidation Stability
  • ASTM D97, D5949, D5950, D7346 Pour Point
  • ASTM D665 Rust Prevention
  • ASTM D445 Viscosity, Kinematic
  • ASTM D1401 Water Separability
  • ASTM D6304 Water Content
  • ASTM D6971 Antioxidants

ASTM Diesel No. 2

  • ASTM D975 Diesel specification
  • ASTM D974, D664 Acid and Base Number
  • ASTM D482 Ash
  • ASTM D5291 Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen
  • ASTM D189, D524, D4530 Carbon Residue
  • ASTM D976, D4737, D6890 Cetane Index
  • ASTM D2500, D5771, D5772, D5773, D7689 Cloud Point
  • ASTM D6371 Cold Filter Plugging Point
  • ASTM D1500, D6045 Color
  • ASTM D130 Copper Corrosion
  • ASTM D1298, D4052 Density
  • ASTM D86, D7345, D2887 Distillation
  • ASTM D2624 Electrical Conductivity
  • ASTM D93, D3828, D6450 Flash Point
  • ASTM D240 Heat Content
  • ASTM D6468 High Temp Stability
  • ASTM D1319, D5186, D6591 Hydrocarbon Type
  • ASTM D6079, D7688 Lubricity (HFRR)
  • ASTM D4629, D5762 Nitrogen
  • ASTM D7346 No Flow Point
  • ASTM D6217 Particulate Contamination by Filtration
  • ASTM D97, D5949, D5950, D6749 Pour Point
  • ASTM D7220 Sulfur
  • ASTM D2622, D4294, D5453, D7039 Sulfur Content
  • ASTM D445, D7042, D7279 Viscosity, Kinematic
  • ASTM D1796, D2709 Water and Sediment
  • ASTM D6304 Water by KF

ASTM Cetane

  • ASTM D613 Cetane Number
  • ASTM D6890 Derived Cetane Number

ASTM Fuel Oil No. 6

  • ASTM D664 Acid Number
  • ASTM D5184 Aluminum and Silicon
  • ASTM D287 API Gravity
  • ASTM D482 Ash
  • ASTM D6560 Asphaltenes
  • ASTM D5291 Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen Content
  • ASTM D189, D4530, D524 Carbon Residue
  • ASTM D1298, D4052 Density
  • ASTM D93 Flash Point
  • ASTM D240 Heat Content
  • ASTM D5185 Metals/Wear Contaminants
  • ASTM D3228, D4629, D5762 Nitrogen
  • ASTM D97, D5853, D5950 Pour Point
  • ASTM D473, D4870 Sediment
  • ASTM D4740 The Spot Test
  • ASTM D2622, D4294 Sulfur Content
  • ASTM D1548, D5708, D5863 Vanadium, Nickel, Iron, Sodium
  • ASTM D7042 Viscosity
  • ASTM D445, D7042 Viscosity, Kinematic
  • ASTM D6304 Water
  • ASTM D1796 Water and Sediment
  • ASTM D95 Water by Distillation

ASTM Aviation Fuel A1 (Turbo)

  • ASTM D1655 Aviation Fuel Specification
  • ASTM D3242 Acidity
  • ASTM D5001 BOCLE Lubricity
  • ASTM D976 Calculated Cetane Index
  • ASTM D156, D6045 Color
  • ASTM D3338, D4529, D4809 Combustion, Net Heat
  • ASTM D130 Copper Corrosion
  • ASTM D1298, D4052 Density
  • ASTM D86, D2887, D7345 Distillation
  • ASTM D2624 Electrical Conductivity
  • ASTM D56, D93, D3828 Flash Point
  • ASTM D2386, D5972, D7153, D7154 Freeze Point
  • ASTM D5006 Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (FSII)
  • ASTM D381 Gum
  • ASTM D1319, D6379 Hydrocarbon Type
  • ASTM D3701, D3343 Hydrogen Content
  • ASTM D3227 Mercaptan Sulfur
  • ASTM D1840 Naphthalenes
  • ASTM D1322 Smoke Point
  • ASTM D2622, D4294, D5453, D7039 Sulfur Content
  • ASTM D3241 JFTOT Thermal Stability
  • ASTM D445, D7042 Viscosity, Kinematic
  • ASTM D3948 Water Separation
  • ASTM D7224 MSEP Water Separation
  • ASTM D6304 Water by KF

ASTM Automotive lubricant additives

  • ASTM D664 Acid Number – Total
  • ASTM D4628, D4951, D5185 Additive Elements
  • ASTM D482 Ash
  • ASTM D874 Ash Sulfated
  • ASTM D2896, D4739 Base Number
  • ASTM D4052 Density
  • ASTM D92, D93 Flash Point
  • ASTM D5291 Nitrogen
  • ASTM D445 Viscosity, Kinematic
  • ASTM D6304 Water by KF

ASTM Biodiesel B100

  • ASTM D6751 Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
  • ASTM D664, D974 Acidity
  • ASTM D482, D874 Ash
  • ASTM D4530, D189 Carbon Residue
  • ASTM D2500, D5771, D5773, D7683 Cloud Point
  • ASTM D6371 Cold Filter Plugging Point
  • ASTM D130 Corrosion
  • ASTM D1298, D4052 Density
  • ASTM D1160 Distillation
  • ASTM UNE EN 14538 Ca, Mg, Na, K by ICP (Available for additional cost)
  • ASTM UNE EN 14103 Linolenic Methyl Ester (Available for additional cost)
  • ASTM UNE EN 14110 Methanol Content (Available for additional cost)
  • ASTM UNE EN 14112, UNE EN 15751 Oxidation Stability (Available for additional cost)
  • ASTM D5185 Ca, Mg, Na, K by ICP
  • ASTM D7501 Filtration, Cold Soak (CSFT)
  • ASTM D93, D3828 Flash Point
  • ASTM D6584 Glycerin
  • ASTM D6079, D7688 Lubricity
  • ASTM D7321 Particulate Contamination
  • ASTM D4951 Phosphorus
  • ASTM D5453, D7039 Sulfur
  • ASTM D6468 Thermal Stability
  • ASTM D445, D7042 Viscosity, Kinematic
  • ASTM D2709 Water and Sediment
  • ASTM D6304, E203 Water by KF
  • ASTM UNE EN ISO 2719 Flash Point (Available for additional cost)
  • ASTM UNE EN ISO 2160 Corrosion (Available for additional cost)
  • ASTM UNE EN ISO 3104 Viscosity, Kinematic (Available for additional cost)
  • ASTM UNE EN ISO 6245 Ash (Available for additional cost)
  • ASTM UNE EN ISO 3675, UNE EN ISO 12185 Density (Available for additional cost)
  • ASTM UNE EN ISO 3015, UNE EN ISO 22995, UNE EN 23015 Cloud Point (Available for additional cost)
  • ASTM UNE EN ISO 3734 Water and Sediment (Available for additional cost)
  • ASTM UNE EN ISO 20846 Sulfur (Available for additional cost)
  • ASTM UNE EN ISO 12156-1 Lubricity (Available for additional cost)
  • ASTM UNE EN 116 Cold Filter Plugging Point (Available for additional cost)

ASTM Ethanol

  • ASTM D4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
  • ASTM D1613, D7795 Acidity
  • ASTM D1688 (per D4806) Copper Content
  • ASTM D5501 Ethanol/Methanol
  • ASTM D7319, D7328 Inorganic Chloride
  • ASTM D6423 pHe
  • ASTM D381 Solvent Washed Gum
  • ASTM D4052 Specific Gravity
  • ASTM D7319, D7328 Sulfate Content
  • ASTM D5453, D7039 Sulfur
  • ASTM E203, E1064 Water

ASTM Motor gasoline

  • ASTM D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
  • ASTM D2699 RON Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
  • ASTM D2700 MON Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
  • ASTM D3606, D5580, D5769 Benzene, Toluene, C9, Aromatics
  • ASTM D130 Copper Corrosion
  • ASTM D1298, D4052 Density
  • ASTM D86, D7096, D7345 Distillation
  • ASTM D381 Gum
  • ASTM D1319, D5443, D6839, D6730 Hydrocarbon Type
  • ASTM D3237 Lead Content
  • ASTM D3227 Mercaptan Sulfur
  • ASTM D6550 Olefin Content
  • ASTM D525 Oxidation Stability
  • ASTM D5599, D5845, D4815 Oxygenates
  • ASTM D3231 Phosphorus Content
  • ASTM D2622, D5453, D7039 Sulfur Content
  • ASTM D5188 Vapor/Liquid Ratio
  • ASTM D5191, D6378 Vapor Pressure

ASTM Naphtha

  • ASTM D5443 Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type
  • ASTM D1159 Bromine Number
  • ASTM D5194, D5808 Chloride in Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  • ASTM D6045 Color
  • ASTM D130 Copper Strip Corrosion
  • ASTM D4052 Density, API Gravity
  • ASTM D1298 Density
  • ASTM D5134 Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis
  • ASTM D86 Distillation
  • ASTM D1319, D6839 Hydrocarbon Types
  • ASTM D6729, D6730 Individual Components by GC
  • ASTM D3227 Mercaptan Sulfur
  • ASTM D4629 Nitrogen, Trace
  • ASTM D2887 Simulated Distillation
  • ASTM D2622, D4294, D5453, D7039 Sulfur, Total Percent
  • ASTM UOP163 UOP Hydrogen Sulfide/Mercaptain Sulfur (For an additional cost)
  • ASTM D5191 Vapor Pressure

ASTM Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

  • ASTM D1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
  • ASTM D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, Manual Method
  • ASTM D1267 Gauge Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)
  • ASTM D1838 Copper Strip Corrosion by Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
  • ASTM D2158 Residues in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
  • ASTM D2163 Hydrocarbons by GC (compositional testing)
  • ASTM D2440 Hydrogen Sulfide in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases (Lead Acetate Method)
  • ASTM D2598 Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional Analysis
  • ASTM D5504 Sulfur by GC and Chemiluminescence
  • ASTM D5623 Sulfur by GC
  • ASTM D6667 Total Volatile Sulfur
  • ASTM D6897 Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) (Expansion Method)
  • ASTM D7756 Residues in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases by Gas Chromatography with Liquid, On-Column Injection

ASTM Natural Gas

  • ASTM D1826 Calorific (Heating) Value of Gases in Natural Gas Range by Continuous Recording Calorimeter
  • ASTM D1945 Analysis of Natural Gas by Gas Chromatography
  • ASTM D1988 Mercaptans in Natural Gas Using Length-of-Stain Detector Tubes
  • ASTM D4784 Liquefied Natural Gas Density Calculation Models
  • ASTM D4810 Hydrogen Sulfide in Natural Gas Using Length-of-Stain Detector Tubes
  • ASTM D4888 Water Vapor in Natural Gas Using Length-of-Stain Detector Tubes
  • ASTM D4891 Heating Value of Gases in Natural Gas and Flare Gases Range by Stoichiometric Combustion
  • ASTM D4984 Carbon Dioxide in Natural Gas Using Length-of-Stain Detector Tubes
  • ASTM D5504 Determination of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography and Chemiluminescence
  • ASTM D6228 Determination of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography and Flame Photometric Detection
  • ASTM D6522 Determination of Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxide, and Oxygen Concentrations in Emissions from Natural Gas-Fired Reciprocating Engines, Combustion Turbines, Boilers, and Process Heaters Using Portable

ASTM Engine oil lubricants

  • ASTM D664, D974 Acid Number
  • ASTM D4628, D4927, D4951, D5185, D6443, D6481 Additive Elements
  • ASTM D874 Ash Sulfated
  • ASTM D2896, D4739 Base Number
  • ASTM D1500, D6045 Color
  • ASTM D1298, D4052 Density
  • ASTM D5800, D6375 Evaporating Loss
  • ASTM D92, D93 Flash Point
  • ASTM D5481 HTHS Viscosity
  • ASTM D3228, D4629, D5291, D5762 Nitrogen
  • ASTM D6749, D97, D5949, D5950, D7346 Pour Point
  • ASTM D94 Saponification Number
  • ASTM D6278 Shear Stability
  • ASTM D129, D5453 Sulfur Content
  • ASTM D445, D7042, D7279 Viscosity, Kinematic
  • ASTM D4741 Viscosity, Tapered Plug
  • ASTM D4683 Viscosity, Tapered Bearing
  • ASTM D4684, D5133, D5293 Viscosity, Low Temperature
  • ASTM D6417 Volatility
  • ASTM D6304 Water
  • ASTM D2622 Sulfur

ASTM Analyzers

  • ASTM Automatic transmission fluid
  • ASTM D974 Acidity
  • ASTM D664 Acid Number – Total
  • ASTM D4951, D5185 Additive Elements
  • ASTM D287 API Gravity
  • ASTM D2896, D4739 Base Number
  • ASTM D1500 Color
  • ASTM D130 Copper Corrosion
  • ASTM D1298, D4052 Density
  • ASTM D93, D92 Flash Point
  • ASTM D892 Foaming Characteristics
  • ASTM D665 Rust Prevention
  • ASTM D445 Viscosity Kinematic
  • ASTM D2983 Viscosity, Low Temperature

Access Petroleum Publications on Digital Library

Get online access to the digital edition of every book, paper and journal article ever published by ASTM including more than 1,500+ Manuals and Special Technical Publications, totaling more than 35,600 chapters and more than 17,000 journal articles.

  • Symposia Papers & STPs – Discover the latest engineering research with ASTM Symposia Papers.
  • Manuals, Monographs, & Data Series – Get practical, hands-on guidance, data, and detailed technical insight.
  • Journals – Explore developments in testing and evaluation, materials performance, geotechnical and civil engineering.
  • Technical Reports – Learn about the current challenges and research related to the work of ASTM technical committees

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Digital Library Petroleum Publications

Manuals & Monographs

  • MNL72 The Practice of Flash Point Determination: A Laboratory Resource
  • MNL68 Crude Oils: Their Sampling, Analysis, and Evaluation
  • MNL62 ASTM Handbook of Automotive Lubricants and Testing
  • MNL59 A Comprehensive Review of Lubricant Chemistry, Technology, Selection, and Design
  • MNL58 Petroleum Refining and Natural Gas Processing

Special Technical Publications (STPs)

  • STP 1578 Graphite Testing for Nuclear Applications: The Significance of Test Specimen Volume and Geometry and the Statistical Significance of Test Specimen Population
  • STP1575 Environmentally Considerate Lubricants
  • STP 1573 Fire-Resistant Fluids
  • STP 1564 Viscosity & Rheology of In-Service Fluids as They Pertain to Condition Monitoring
  • STP 1536 In-Service Lubricant and Machine Analysis, Diagnostics, and Prognostics

Data Series

  • DS62 The Relationship Between High-Temperature Oil Rheology and Engine Operation
  • DS57 Low-Temperature Pumpability Characteristics of Engine Oils in Full-Scale Engines
  • DS51G The ASTM Computer Program for Chemical Thermodynamic and Energy Release Evaluation CHETAH®; Version 10.0
  • DS49S1 Shear Stability of Multigrade Engine Oils
  • DS39B Viscosity Index Tables for Celsius Temperatures

Adjuncts

  • Adjunct to D976 Test Methods for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels
  • Adjunct to D909 Test Method for Knock Characteristics of Aviation Gasolines by the Supercharge Method
  • Adjunct to D909 Test Method for Knock Characteristics of Aviation Gasolines by the Supercharge Method
  • Adjunct to D7451 Standard Test Method for Water Separation Properties of Light and Middle Distillate, and Compression and Spark Ignition Fuels
  • Adjunct to D7152 Practice for Calculating the Viscosity of a Blend of Petroleum Products

Journal of ASTM International

  • Fundamentals of Biobased and Biodegradable Lubricants: A Real World Perspective
  • Evaluation of Chlorella Minutissima Oil for Biodiesel Production
  • Optimization of Biodiesel Production by Response Surface Methodology and Genetic Algorithm
  • Comparison of the Performance of Copper Oxide Nanofluid with Water in Electronic Cooling
  • Influence of the Reaction Conditions on the Ester Content and Characterization of Biodiesel via Ethylic Route

Geotechnical Testing Journal

  • A Large Diameter Triaxial Apparatus to Measure Pore Pressure and Displacements on aqa Pre-existing Shear Zone/Plane
  • Design of a Miniature Piezoprobe for Highqa Resolution Stratigraphic Profiling

    • Journal of Testing and Evaluation

  • Monitoring on the Auto-Analyzer System in-Statistical-Control for SO2 in Atmosphere With Top-Down Uncertainty Evaluation
  • Measurement of Properties of Cutting Fluids With CAPB (Vegetable Based Emulsifier)
  • Advances in the Understanding of Gelation in the Framework of the Test ASTM D5133
  • An Evaluation Model Using Fuzzy TOPSIS and Goal Programming for TQM Consultant Selection
  • Developing a Project Evaluation and Testing Model to Assess Stable Photovoltaic Slicing Machine

Journal of Materials Performance and Characterization (MPC)

  • Optimization of an Induction Hardening Process for a Steel Gear Component
  • Cooling Capacity of Coconut Oil, Palm Oil, and a Commercial Petroleum Oil by Solving the Heat Conductivity Inverse Problem
  • Cooling Capacity of Petroleum Oil Quenchants as a Function of Bath Temperature
  • Stribeck-Type Curves of Alternative Engine Oils: Part I: Gray Cast Iron Liners
  • Impact of Synthetic Hydrocarbon in Biofuels on Two Polysulfide Aircraft Fuel-Tank Sealants

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